辽河流域水生态功能一级分区指标体系与技术方法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李法云  范志平  张博  王艳杰  胡成  刘素平 《辽宁气象》2012,(5):83-89

流域水生态功能分区是实现流域综合管理的重要基础,也是水环境管理由水质目标管理向流域水生态管理转变的重要依据。根据辽河流域大尺度水生态空间格局分异的自然属性,结合国内外相关生态环境分区的研究进展,通过对辽河流域水热比（P/T）、径流深（RD）、数字高程（DEM）、多年归一化植被指数（NDVI）和水文地质（RP）等自然因素、河流水环境因子及水生生物指标的典型相关分析（CCA）,筛选出DEM、RD、RP、NDVI指数作为水生态功能一级分区的主要因子,并依此建立了辽河流域水生态功能一级分区指标体系与分区技术方法。结果表明：辽河流域可分为4个水生态功能一级区,即西辽河上游内蒙古大兴安岭东南—冀北山地丘陵水生态区、西辽河中下游西辽河平原水生态区和辽河中下游平原水生态区及浑河—太子河上游山地丘陵水生态区。辽河流域多年历史数据与野外水生态调查数据分析表明,流域内鱼类聚类分析结果与水生态功能一级分区结果在空间分布上具有较好的吻合性。水生态功能分区结果为辽河流域水生态综合管理提供了科技支撑,同时也为中国水生态功能分区技术方法的制订提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

大型底栖动物在水生态系统健康评价中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王艳杰  李法云  范志平  程志辉  张建祺 《辽宁气象》2012,(5):90-96

大型底栖动物是维系水生态系统结构和功能的重要组成部分,也是影响水生态系统健康与功能的重要水生生物指标。随着中国对基于流域完整性水生态管理的日益重视,水生态系统健康的研究也更加深入,因而底栖动物的研究在深度和广度上均有所提高。概述了近年来国内外底栖动物的主要研究方向、影响因素及其分析方法。结果表明：在研究方向上,由于底栖动物对水生态系统变化的响应具有明显的空间尺度效应,因而以不同尺度空间上的自然环境、生境条件和水质等因子为分界,分析其对底栖动物多样性及其群落结构的重要影响。综合分析各种影响因素,流域内人类活动所造成的水环境因子变化或生境受损可直接影响底栖动物物种组成和种群特征。对底栖动物的研究方法可分为模型分析法和生物指数评价法两类,在应用中可侧重不同模型和指数的特点进行针对性选择。  相似文献   

水库浮游细菌生产和呼吸过程代谢内外源有机碳研究     

韩一萱  李彪  荀凡  高培鑫  毛振镀  陶晔  邢鹏 《湖泊科学》2022,34(1):162-173

全球气候变化和人类活动的加剧影响水生生态系统中溶解性有机碳(DOC)的种类和浓度.浮游细菌生产和呼吸过程对碳源变化的响应,可能影响水体乃至区域的碳循环特征.本研究选取了南京市11座中小型水库,利用碳稳定同位素技术和双端元混合模型定量分析浮游细菌在生产和呼吸代谢过程中对内外碳源的利用.依据DOC中内外碳源的比例,将11座...  相似文献   

Protective effects of chitosan against the hazardous effects of zinc oxide nanoparticle in freshwater crustaceans Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Moina micrura     

《Limnologica》2016

Nanoparticle contamination in freshwater habitat leads to the drastic reduction in the population of freshwater micro crustaceans. Both Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Moina micrura were considered as the potential biological bio-tracers of freshwater ecosystem. This study describes the chemical synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using zinc nitrate as the starting material. The physico-chemical characterization of ZnO NPs was made by UV–Vis spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). ZnO NPs elicited 100% and 76% mortality of freshwater crustaceans, Ceriodaphnia cornuta and Moina micrura at 160 μg L⁻¹ respectively. The accumulation of ZnO NPs in the intestine and loss of antennae and carapace were clearly visualized through light microscopy. The exposure of C. cornuta and M. micrura neonates at 160 μg L⁻¹ of ZnO NPs showed abnormal swimming behaviour after 12 h. However, chitosan significantly reduced the mortality and enhanced the survival of C. cornuta and M. micrura at 100 μg ml⁻¹. This study concludes the protective effect of chitosan against the hazardous effect of ZnO NPs in C. cornuta and M. micrura.  相似文献   

Effects of whole-stream nitrogen enrichment and litter species mixing on litter decomposition and associated fungi     

《Limnologica》2016

Nutrient enrichment and changes in riparian tree species composition affect many streams worldwide but their combined effects on decomposers and litter decomposition have been rarely assessed. In this study we assessed the effects of experimental nitrogen (N) enrichment of a small forest stream on the decomposition of three leaf litter species differing in initial chemical composition [alder (Alnus glutinosa), chestnut (Castanea sativa) and poplar (Populus nigra)], incubated individually and in 2-species mixtures during late spring-early summer. To better understand the effects of litter mixing on litter decomposition, component litter species were processed individually for remaining mass and fungal reproductive activity. Litter decomposition rates were high. Nitrogen enrichment significantly stimulated litter decomposition only for alder incubated individually. Differences among litter treatments were found only at the N enriched site where the nutrient rich alder litter decomposed faster than all other litter treatments; only at this site was there a significant relationship between litter decomposition and initial litter N concentration. Decomposition rates of all litter mixtures were lower than those expected from the decomposition rates of the component litter species incubated individually, at the N enriched and reference sites, suggesting antagonistic effects of litter mixing. Conidial production by aquatic hyphomycetes for each sampling date was not affected by nutrient enrichment, litter species or mixing. Aquatic hyphomycetes species richness for each sampling date was higher at the N enriched site than at the reference site and higher for alder litter than for chestnut and poplar, but no effect of mixing was found. Aquatic hyphomycetes communities were structured by litter identity and to a lesser extent by N enrichment, with no effect of mixing. This study suggests that nutrient enrichment and litter quality may not have such strong effects on decomposers and litter decomposition in warmer seasons contrary to what has been reported for autumn-winter. Changes in the composition of the riparian vegetation may have unpredictable effects on litter decomposition independently of streams trophic state.  相似文献   

The influence of physical instream spatial variability on Chironomidae (Diptera) assemblages in Neotropical streams     

《Limnologica》2016

In this study, the Chironomidae assemblages were studied in order to test the following hypotheses: a) mesohabitat type and substrate complexity affect the richness, abundance, and composition of the fauna; b) mesohabitat type is a good predictor for Chironomidae composition. To test the hypotheses, experiments were carried out in two mesohabitats (riffle and pool) using two substrate complexities (high and low) in 12 streams from Central Brazil. The mesohabitat type and substrate complexity did not affect the richness and abundance of the local fauna. The mesohabitat affected the faunistic composition. The assemblages of riffles and pools were distinct. Indicator Species Analysis showed that Paratendipes sp., Polypedilum sp. 2, Pentaneura sp., Rheotanytarsus sp. 1, Corynoneura sp. 2, Cricotopus sp. 2, Lopescladius sp., Nanocladius sp. 2, Parametriocnemus sp., and Thienemanniella sp. had preference for riffles and Chironomus sp., Ablabesmyia sp. 1, Ablabesmyia sp. 2, Djalmabatista sp., Fittkauimyia sp., and Labrundinia sp. for pools. Our results highlight the importance of physical instream variability on fauna structure, suggesting that habitat homogenization due to anthropic action may cause drastic effects on the diversity of chironomids and, probably, other benthic macroinvertebrates. Therefore, maintaining instream morphology, including the different mesohabitats, is fundamental for biodiversity conservation in streams.  相似文献   

Removing vessels from the water for biofouling treatment has the potential to introduce mobile non-indigenous marine species     

Ashley D.M. Coutts  Joseph P. Valentine  Adam Davey 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1533-1540

Vessels found contaminated with biofouling non-indigenous marine species are predominantly removed from the water and treated in vessel maintenance facilities (i.e., slipways, travel lifts and dry-docks). Using pre-fouled settlement plates to simulate a vessel’s removal from the water for treatment, we demonstrate that a range of mobile organisms (including non-indigenous marine species) may be lost to the marine environment as a consequence of this process. We also determined that different levels of biofouling (primary, secondary and tertiary) and emersion durations (0.5, 5 and 15 min) affected the abundance and composition of mobile taxa lost to the marine environment. Primary biofouling plates lost 3.2% of total animals, secondary plates lost 19.8% and tertiary plates lost 8.2%, while hanging duration had only minor effects. The results suggest that removing vessels contaminated with biofouling non-indigenous marine species from the water for treatment may not be as biosecure as is currently recognised.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water,mussels (Brachidontes sp., Tagelus sp.) and fish (Odontesthes sp.) from Bahía Blanca Estuary,Argentina     

Andres H. Arias  Carla V. Spetter  Rubén H. Freije  Jorge E. Marcovecchio 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the major groups of anthropogenic environmental pollutants, were firstly identified and measured in coastal waters, native mussels and fish of an industrialized South American estuary.  相似文献   

中国海洋药物资源及其药用研究调查   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王长云  邵长伦  傅秀梅  兰东  兰克信  李国强  武云飞  钱树本  管华诗 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2009,39(4)

对中国海洋药物资源状况进行了调查和评价.结果显示,历经3 600余年,中国海洋药物应用经验不断积累,特别是现代海洋药物的研究成果显著.截至2008年,中国近海已记录的海洋药物及已进行现代药理学、化学研究的潜在药物资源已达684味,其中植物药205味,动物药468味,矿物药11味;涉及海洋药用动植物1 667种(植物272种,动物1 395种),另有矿物18种.加强现代药学研究,保护现有药用生物资源,开拓新的资源领域,是未来海洋药物持续发展的保障.  相似文献   

Fouling assemblages on offshore wind power plants and adjacent substrata     

Dan Wilhelmsson  Torleif Malm 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(3):459-466

A significant expansion of offshore wind power is expected in the near future, with thousands of turbines in coastal waters, and various aspects of how this may influence the coastal ecology including disturbance effects from noise, shadows, electromagnetic fields, and changed hydrological conditions are accordingly of concern. Further, wind power plants constitute habitats for a number of organisms, and may locally alter assemblage composition and biomass of invertebrates, algae and fish. In this study, fouling assemblages on offshore wind turbines were compared to adjacent hard substrate. Influences of the structures on the seabed were also investigated. The turbines differed significantly from adjacent boulders in terms of assemblage composition of epibiota and motile invertebrates. Species number and Shannon–Wiener diversity were, also, significantly lower on the wind power plants. It was also indicated that the turbines might have affected assemblages of invertebrates and algae on adjacent boulders. Off shore wind power plant offer atypical substrates for fouling assemblages in terms of orientation, depth range, structure, and surface texture. Some potential ecological implications of the addition of these non-natural habitats for coastal ecology are discussed.  相似文献